Konsep segitiga epidemiologi pdf epidemiologi last, adalah studi ttg distribusi dan faktorfaktor yg menentukan keadaan yang berhubungan dgn kesehatan atau. Penyakit minamata wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia. Asetaldehida diolah lagi untuk menghasilan asam asetat dan pvc. National institute of minamata disease, nimd jepang. Gejala penyakit ini meliputi kesemutan pada kaki dan tangan, tremor, lemaslemas, kejang, penyempitan sudut pandang dan degradasi kemampuan berbicara dan pendengaran. Also, the development of environment recovery technology and concurring tremendous investment should be emphasized, as well as notional and. Minamata disease has not been confined to minamata where the source of the mercury was primarily from eating fish caught in the contaminated bay. View and download powerpoint presentations on minamata disease ppt. Neonatus adalah bayi baru lahir sampai usia 28 hari 0 28 hari. Introduction tragedy of minamata disease and environmental. Salah satu tragedi parah terkait dengan hal tersebut adalah peristiwa yang terjadi di wilayah minamata dan sekitarnya, yang dikenal dengan istilah minamata disease, pada era 1950an. Pendahuluan latar belakang lingkungan adalah tempat makhluk hidup tinggal, beraktifitas, dan tempat meneruskan kehidupannya. Minamata disease resulted from environmental exposure to methylmercury through contaminated fish and shellfish consumption. The minamata disease patients officially recognized at minamata and niigata amount to a population of 2263 and 690 respectively 6.
Ontario minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Minamata disease synonyms, minamata disease pronunciation, minamata disease translation, english dictionary definition of minamata disease. Pada waktu itu tercatat 121 kasus keracunan merkurium dengan 46 kematian. Dec 11, 2018 children born with minamata disease can have growth deficiency, microcephaly an abnormally small head, severe mental retardation and be deaf and blind. It is not well known but it is important to understand in the light of rising environmental threats. Minamata disease is an encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy caused by daily intake of fish and shellfish highly contaminated by methylmercury. Minamata disease top 10 environmental disasters time. The disease was caused when methylmercury from the chemical factory of chisso corporation was released into the industrial wastewater. Pada bulan november 1956 peneliti universitas kumamoto merilis temuannya. When he saw these minamata patients, dr mcalpine told me that he was forcibly reminded of the cases of.
A fishing port, minamata was also the home of nippon chisso hiryo co. Chisso denied the allegations and continued its manufacturing without changing its method of production. Jan 01, 2000 dr mcalpine was looking for unusual cases of multiple sclerosis, which was known to be uncommon in japan at that time, and it was thought that the cases of this unknown encephalopathy in minamata might be unusual forms of that disease. The history and the present of minamata disease, japan medical association journal, vol. In the area around minamata bay, the research to investigate the cause and the nature of minamata disease was carried out mainly at the beginning of outbreak of minamata disease, and the first fullscale survey to grasp the extent of the health damage was the one on about 110,000 habitants of the area around minamata bay in 1971 after the cause. Many people have lost their lives, suffered from physical deformities, or have had. Dan memang seperti itulah kenyataannya, minamata adalah nama sebuah teluk, yang juga merupakan nama sebuah sungai di wilayah kumamoto jepang. Produk utama pabrik chisso di minamata adalah kristal cair, pengawet, bahan pelembab, pupuk kimia, resin sintetis dan sebagainya. Pendahuluan menieres disease atau penyakit meniere atau dikenali juga dengan hydrops endolimfatik. Preventive measures against environmental mercury pollution and its health effects pdf 2. Merkuri dan minamata, minamata disease, minamata convention on mercury video, dan banyak lagi video yang terkait dengan keracunan mercury di manamata. Pada tingkatan akut, gejala ini biasanya memburuk disertai dengan kelumpuhan, kegilaan, jatuh koma dan akhirnya mati. Nov 11, 2011 the film details the patients of minamata disease, those who contracted it and how they and their families carried on after being exposed to the disease. Setelah dibandingkan dengan penduduk di kota kumamoto.
According to the japanese government, 2,955 people contracted minamata disease and 1,784 people have since died. The person who originally tagged the article also didnt provide a reason on the talk page prior to tagging. Sebuah perusahaan yang memproduksi asam asetat membuang limbang cairnya ke teluk minamata, salah satunya adalah methyl mercury konsentrasi tinggi. Minamata disease is a poisoning disease that affects mainly the central nervous system and is caused by the consumption of large quantities of fish and shellfish living in minamata bay and its surroundings, the major causative agent being some sort of organic mercury compound. Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, loss of peripheral vision, and damage to hearing and speech.
With regard to minamata disease occurring in the areas around minamata bay in kumamoto prefecture, the patient was reported for the first time in may 1956, and. Catastrophic poisoning due to a failed public health response we present the history of minamata disease in a chronological order from the public health point of. Ratification, minamata convention on mercury, regulating the use. Symptoms included convulsions, slurred speech, loss of motor functions and uncontrollable limb. Tragedi yang dikenal dengan penyakit minamata minamata disease terjadi antara tahun 19321968. The faces of shiranui sea and of those living along its shores were irreporably changed by the recklessness of japanese economy lead by chisso company and the government. Penyakit minamata, tragedi di teluk minamata jepang akibat. Oct 15, 2001 yesterday, more than 30 years later, researchers presented evidence that the mercury poisoning of minamata bay in the 50s and 60s lasted longer, spread further and affected tens of thousands more.
The pathological features and experimental results of minamata disease are summarized. Krisis kesehatan masyarakat umum yang diakibatkan oleh keracunan merkuri, seperti penyakit minamata dan penyakit niigata minamata, telah membawa masalah ini ke permukaan. Apr 25, 2017 minamata disease is a neurological syndrome sometimes known as chisso minamata disease. Terjadinya pencemaran logam berat di teluk minamata akibat. Minamata disease the history and measures summary moe. Untuk menyembuhkan penyakit, orangorang biasa berkonsultasi dengan seorang dokter. Konvensi minamata mengenai merkuri wikipedia bahasa. Mei 1956, empat orang pasien dari kota minamata dilarikan ke rs karena mengalami symptom baffling yang parah. Mai kanekeo was born to a congenital minamata disease patient. This disease is an unusual neurological disorder resulting from eating a large amount of fish and shellfish of minamata bay in japan. It is on the west coast of kyushu and faces amakusa islands.
Outline of minamata diseasecause and damage of minamata. Minamata was established as a village in 1889, redesignated as a town in 1912 and grew into a city in 1949. In the case of minamata disease, the agreement was concluded between patients groups and the companies, and as to the suits they were concluded by compromise between plaintiffs and the companies, and by withdrawing of plaintiffs between the nation and plaintiffs, so social troubles get fewer. Teluk minamata terletak di kota minamata, kumamoto perfecture, jepang. Researchers believe, however, that the criteria the government uses to diagnose minamata disease are too strict, and that anyone showing any level of sensory impairment should be considered a victim. Sedangkan pengertian racun sendiri adalah bahan yang bila tertelan atau terabsorpsi akan mampu membuat manusia sakit dan mematikan mukono. Penyakit minamata yang disebabkan oleh keracunan merkuri menyerang otak dan sistem saraf seseorang. Tragedi ini tejadi pada tahun 1959, sektor perekonomian utama di minamata adalah perikanan. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about minamata disease ppt. The popular names of catsdancing disease and the strange disease convey some of both the mystery and its alienating quality. Minamata disease, disease first identified in 1956 in minamata, japan. Mengenang tragedi minamata, ketika aktivitas perekonomian. In addition, those who are suspected of suffering from minamata disease in japan with chronic and mild symptoms amount to a population of about 12,000 4. The marine products in minamata bay displayed high levels of hg contamination 5.
Penyakit minamata atau sindrom minamata adalah sindrom kelainan fungsi saraf yang disebabkan oleh keracunan akut air raksa gejalagejala sindrom ini seperti kesemutan pada kaki dan tangan, lemaslemas, penyempitan sudut pandang dan degradasi kemampuan berbicara dan pendengaran. The lesions show characteristic signs and symptoms in minamata disease. Minamata disease was first discovered in minamata city in kumamoto prefecture, japan, in 1956. Minamata disease, which is a typical example of the pollutionrelated health damage in japan, was first discovered in 1956, around minamata bay in kumamoto prefecture, and in 1965, in the agano river basin in niigata prefecture. The term itaiitai disease was coined by locals for the severe pains japanese. Semakin lama, jumlah penderita yang mengalami penyakit serupa bertambah, hingga dilakukan penelitian serius oleh universitas kumamoto. Cadmium cd adalah salah satu logam berat yang keberadaanya patut mendapat perhatian khusus karena secara luas terdapat dilingkungan baik sebagai pencemar atau sebagai komponen dalam rokok yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat luas. It was described that children born between 1955 and later whose mothers ingested the fish or shellfish from minamata bay displayed severe neurological deficits even if the mothers themselves did not display those symptoms castoldi, et. Methyl mercury discharged from the factory contaminated fish and shellfish, which in turn. Penyakit meniere ditandai dengan episode berulang dari vertigo yang berlangsung dari menit sampai hari, disertai dengan tinnitus dan tuli sensorineural yang progresif. Manual of the international classifica tion of diseases and. Methylmercury poisoning in the area of minamata bay in japan has become the best known of all the diseases caused by environmental pollution, and this present book is the latest in a rather long line which has kept the disease before the public.
Teluk minamata merupakan daerah yang kaya sumber daya ikan dan kerang. Dalam kasus yang sudah parah, keracunan merkuri di kota minamata ini menyebabkan kelumpuhan, gangguan jiwa, koma. In view of the situation, the health centre, local medical association, municipal hospital, chisso minamata plant hospital and health section of minamata city jointly established the committee for countermeasures against strange disease in minamata city. Dan memang seperti itulah kenyataannya, minamata adalah nama sebuah teluk, yang juga merupakan nama sebuah sungai di wilayah. The history and the present of minamata disease entering the second half a century jmaj 493. Sedangkan menurut dcp2 2008, surveilans kesehatan masyarakat adalah pengumpulan, analisis, dan analisis data secara terusmenerus dan sistematis yang kemudian didiseminasikan disebarluaskan kepada pihakpihak yang bertanggungjawab dalam pencegahan penyakit dan masalah kesehatan lainnya. Through gills and gastrointestinal tracts, fishery products such as fish, shrimp, crabs, and shellfish, take in methylmercury discharged from chemical plants into rivers and seas. Doc artikel konvensi minamata gita lestari academia. Abstract over 3000 victims have been recognised as having minamata disease.
Nearly 1,800 people have died from the disease, and it has had a major impact on the studies of pollution and toxicology. Ini adalah sangat hydrophobic, warna, kristal kuat dengan yang lemah, bau kimia. Kesimpulan dari penelitian tersebut adalah adanya kandungan logam berat dan tinggi pada tubuh penderita karena memakan ikan yang berasal dari teluk minamata yang sudah tercemar oleh limbah pabrik chisso. Kurang lebih sepertiga penderita adalah bayi dan kanakkanak. Minamatabyo, sometimes referred to as chissominamata disease, chissominamatabyo, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Di minamata penyakit ini diderita keluarga nelayan yang banyak memakan ikan. A form of poisoning, minamata disease is a disease of the central nervous system, caused by the consumption of fish and shellfish contaminated with methyl mercury compounds discharged into the environment as factory waste etc. Minamata disease, keeping the tragedy in mind mendengar membaca kata minamata sepertinya hampir semua orang akan mengaitkan dengan suatu nama yang berbau jepang.
Penyakit adalah suatu keadaan abnormal dari tubuh atau pikiran yang menyebabkan ketidak nyamanan, disfungsi atau kesukaran terhadap orang yang dipengaruhinya. Minamata, minamatashi is a city located in kumamoto prefecture, japan. Established in 1988 by soshisha, the minamata disease museum embraces the role of handing down the complex heritage left by minamata disease. The felines would suddenly convulse and sometimes leap into the sea to their deaths townspeople referred to the behavior as cat dancing disease. Minamata disease is the name given to mercury toxicosis poisoning that developed in people who ate contaminated seafood taken from minamata bay and adjacent coastal waters in the period after world war ii. Pdf in the early to midtwentieth century, the chisso corporation dumped methylmercury into minamata bay, japan. Apr 20, 2020 minamata disease is a neurological syndrome triggered by acute mercury poisoning.
Minamata disease is a neurological problem caused by methyl mercury poisoning. Level tertinggi dari merkuri yang dideteksi pada rambut penderita penyakit minamata adalah 705 ppm, jumlah tertinggi dari warga minamata yang sehat adalah 191 ppm, dan mereka yang tinggal di luar areal minamata adalah sekitar 4,42 ppm. Dengan demikian, organik metil merkuri telah terkontaminasi di perairan sekalipun yang dibuang adalah anorganik merkuri national institute of minamata disease, 2001. Keracunan merkuri fatal bisa sebabkan penyakit minamata. Pada 1950an diketahui bahwa air raksa dibuang dalam limbah pabrik di minamata, jepang ke dalam teluk kecil.
Tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatus yang tinggi membuktikan kerentanan hidup selama periode ini. Md is one of the most severe types of disease caused by humans to humans in japan. Minamata adalah nama sebuah kota di pantai sebelah barat pulau kyushu di jepang. A large petrochemical plant in minamata, run by chisso corporation, was suspected immediately. Penyakit ini artefisial oleh karena timbulkan disebabkan oleh adanya pekerjaan. Minamata disease causes, symptoms, signs, diagnosis.
Minamata disease is rather considered to be poisoning by heavy metals presumably it enters the human body mainly through fish and shellfish18 hal ini diketahui sebagai keracunan metil merkuri methylmercury. In 1993, nearly forty years later, the japanese courts were still resolving suitable compensation for the victims. This disaster, occurring in the vicinity of minamata bay in kumamoto. Penyebab akibat kerja adalah setiap penyakit yang disebabkan oleh pekerjaan atau lingkungan kerja. A form of poisoning, minamata disease is a disease of the central nervous system, caused by the consumption of fish and shellfish contaminated. Ddt adalah insektisida organochlorine, mirip dalam struktur ke dicofol dan pestisida methoxychlor.
Puluhan tahun kemudian, ternyata bencana itu kembali terulang di perairan indonesia dalam kadar yang lebih dahsyat sebagai akibat menjamurnya tambang. Pada tahun 1972, perwakilan dari konferensi stockholm mengenai lingkungan. Mortality and survival for minamata disease oxford academic. The minamata disaster and the disease that followed. Merkuri dan senyawa merkuri telah diketahu memiliki dampak berbahaya bagi manusia dan organisme lainnya. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The disease was first discovered in 1956 in minamata, in the kumamoto prefecture of japan. Minamata disease sometimes referred to as chissominamata disease is a neurological. A degenerative neurological disorder caused by poisoning with a mercury compound found in seafood obtained from. Minamata is a small fishing town on the coast of the shiranui sea. Minamata disease, a form of health damage triggered by environmental pollution, caused major issues to the nature of polluted areas and local society at large. However, the case of minamata disease and water pollution control may be an example for those environmental recovery efforts without any preexisting arrangements. Minamata disease the history and measures summary summary.
Minamata disease, sometimes referred to as chisso minamata disease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Sosialisasi penerapan konvensi minamata di indonesia minamata disease, keeping the tragedy in mind mendengar membaca kata minamata sepertinya hampir semua orang akan mengaitkan dengan suatu nama yang berbau jepang. Terjadinya pencemaran logam berat di kota minamata. Mercury poisoning of thousands confirmed world news the. The number of sufferers of the disease could have been much smaller if the chisso corporation and the japanese government took responsibility sooner and the public would of been alerted of the toxic levels of mercury they were ingesting. Mercury analysis manual english version pdf 658kb mercury analysis manual portuguese version. Sekitar 3 ribu warga menjadi korban dan mengalami berbagai penyakit aneh yang kemudian disebut sebagai penyakit minamata.
Lessons from minamata disease and mercury management in japan. Gejalanya antara lain kejang otot, mati rasa pada tangan dan kaki, otot melemah, penglihatan menyempit, serta gangguan pendengaran dan wicara. Di pabrik tsb, diproduksi asetal dehida, dengan cara reaksi gas asetilen dengan merkurisulfat. Social and ethical issues congenital minamata disease. Minamata disease is a toxic encephalopathy characterized by cerebellar atrophy of granulecell type, preferential injury of both calcarine regions and degenerative. Minamata disease is a methylmercury poisoning with neurological symptoms and caused by the daily consump tion of large quantities of fish and shellfish that. Penyakit minamata atau sindrom minamata adalah sindrom kelainan fungsi saraf yang disebabkan oleh keracunan akut merkuri air raksa. Kasus ini merupakan kasus pertama dimana merkuri ditransfer masuk dalam rantai makanan dari lingkungan laut yang tercemar. Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to hearing and speech. Minamata adalah sebuah teluk dengan kota kecil di jepang.
Because of its location, townspeople eat a lot of fish. Tsuchimoto uses food in his film as a direct means of showing how the victims were affected by something that they trusted so much. Minamata disease definition of minamata disease by the. Salah satu sistem organ yang yang merupakan target dari cd adalah sistem reproduksi, khususnya pada individu jantan. She is quite healthy and here plays in her garden in front of the chisso ch. It occurred in the canadian province of ontario, in 1970, and severely affected two first nation communities in northwestern ontario following consumption of local fish contaminated with mercury, and one first nation in southern ontario due to illegal disposal of industrial chemical waste.
The hg content in hair of patients, their family and inhabitants. By the end of 1956, epidemiological and medical researchers identified the disease as heavymetal poisoning caused by eating the fish and shellfish of minamata bay. Pdf pencemaran logam berat merkuri hg pada airtanah. Pada tingkatan akut, gejala ini biasanya memburuk disertai dengan kelumpuhan. Lessons from minamata disease and mercury management in japan ministry of the environment, japan 2011. Minamata disease is a catastrophic poisoning due to a failed public health response. Also known as chisso minamata disease, it was first discovered in the japanese city of minamata in 1956. Methymercury mercury atau air raksa adalah logam yang beracun dan telah dikenal sejak abad pertengahan. The disease is a special class of foodborne methylmercury intoxication in humans as typified by. It was caused by the release of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater from the chisso corporations chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968. In 1956, the first human patient of what soon became known as minamata disease was identified. Yg tdk dpt ia hampir dalam air tetapi kelarutan yang baik di sebagian besar larutan organik, fats, dan minyak. A pathological study of minamata disease in japan springerlink. Minamata disease was present both in adults and infants, with an array of phenotypes.
Tahun 1956, sekitar 56 tahun yang lalu, pernah terjadi musibah pencemaran merkuri paling mengerikan di seluruh dunia yang terjadi di minamata. Sekarang dia merupakan simbol tentang bahaya polusi lingkungan. Namun, ketika teknologi semakin canggih dan populasi manusia meningkat, kegiatan manusia sebagai makhluk yang paling berpotensi untuk memegang peranan terhadap lingkungan, melakukan banyak penyimpangan dan tanpa. It has taken some of these people over thirty years to receive compensation for this inconceivable event. Merkuri organik sebagai contoh metilmerkuri yang secara komersial digunakan sebagai fungisida, disinfektan, zat pengalkil pada sintesis organik bagi senyawa organometalik lainnya dan sebagai pengawet cat.